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"The Greek Koine, or 'common dialect', which evolved as an international variety of Attic, the dialect of ancient Athens, during the period of the Athenian Empire and the Macedonian expansion...had become the sole official, technical and and scientific language of the extensive Greek speaking...

We may argue and dispute about Sharp's rule, but what a life he lived... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granville_Sharp#Life

Plenty of interaction between the two in later antiquity (which includes the "Biblical Koine"): The changes of Greek during the Roman period along the aforementioned two major trends of diachronic development and conservatism resulted in the three varieties of Greek employed in Late Antiquity...

Μακάριον νεὸν ἔτος πᾶσιν ὑμῖν... Αὐτὸς δὲ ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰρήνης ἁγιάσαι ὑμᾶς ὁλοτελεῖς, καὶ ὁλόκληρον ὑμῶν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα ἀμέμπτως ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τηρηθείη. 1 Thess 5:23.

ὡς ἄγομεν τὰ γενέσια τοῦ Χριστοῦ κυρίου καὶ σωτῆρος...

In light of recent discussions, Eph 2: 20 ἐποικοδομηθέντες ἐπὶ τῷ θεμελίῳc τῶν ἀποστόλων καὶ προφητῶν Apostles and prophets. One group? Two groups? What is the significance of the absence of the article before προφητῶν? Does it have anything to do with Sharp's rule or any other syntactical...

So, why does the translator use parthenos at Isa 7:14? I would suggest that the motivation was contextual, related to the translator's understanding of the major point which Isaiah is making through this section. Isa 7:1 In the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, son of Uzziah, king of Judah, Rezin...

I wrote this very brief article some time ago, but hopefully it can throw some light on the issue: One of the more interesting controversies in regard to Bible translation in recent decades has been the rendering of Isaiah (Isa) 7:14. You may be aware of the issue. Here is Isa 7:14 in the King...

Speaking of BeDuhn, he claims in his unfortunate book that neuter nouns can never be personal (referring to the Holy Spirit, πνεῦμα, which of course is neuter). In an email exchange he mocked me for correcting him, but never really defended his claim. Here's an interesting verse in that regard...

I thought I posted this earlier but apparently it didn't go through. I will no longer participate in this forum. Why? 1) The same subjects, post over and over, ad infinitum ad nauseam. 2) I'm tired of being lectured in Greek by people who don't even have minimal competence in the language. 3)...

I'm leaving this forum. Why? 1. Waste of time 2. I'm tired of being lectured about my Greek by people with less then minimal competence in the language. 3. Sorry about the weekend papyrus, but I also post it on B-Greek. 4. Increased responsibility in other aspects of life.

Since going back and finding the original post to respond to would take a long time, I'm posting this in a separate thread. Recently however Trapeza defended his rendering of John 1:1, "and the word was a god" by the observation that the lack of the article equates to the indefinite article in...

I will not be offering the Weekend Papyrus for this weekend and the next, primarily due to a Ph.D intensive seminar I'm taking right now -- I had forgotten how much work these things can be! Up to 6 hours a day coursework plus homework and even a Saturday meeting... Whew!

P.Oxy 4.731. This is formal legal request, claim for ownership based on the marriage contract of the writer's parents. Does the formal context make for a cleaner and better document than those more private letters we've seen in the last several papyri editions? Below I have appended G&F's notes...

P.Oxy 3.353. This one's pretty packed, and a nice vocab workout. I almost didn't post this one due to it's length, but then "The More Greek the Better" occurred to me... :). There a few lacunae, and this manuscript has corrections written above the lines (see the note below). A letter from a...

"A letter from Heraclides to Hatres, reproaching him for not sending 20 drachmae. The letter is on the verso of the papyrus, the recto containing parts of nineteen lines from a taxing-account." G&F. This is P.Oxy 3.532, http://papyri.info/ddbdp/p.oxy;3;532. Have fun, and make sure you work...

Related to the idea of literacy and gospel preaching: https://thetextualmechanic.blogspot.com/2021/06/ancient-tablets-notebooks-and-speeches.html#comment-form Here are Pliny's actual words: Nam et Celsus Nepoti ex libello respondit et Celso Nepos ex pugillaribus. The blog writer gets the...

P.Oxy 3.531, a letter from a father to his son. Structurally the letter reminds me more of 2 and 3 John than anything else, but see what you think. 1 Κορνήλιος Ἱέρακι τῷ γλυκυτάτωι υἱῷ 2 χαίρειν. 3 ἡδέως σε ἀσπαζόμεθα πάντες οἱ ἐν οἴκωι καὶ 4 τοὺς μετʼ ἐσοῦ πάντας...

P.Oxy 3.529 This letter lacks the name of the sender. It's otherwise intact. See if you can spot the agreement error. Otherwise, there is some familiar NT vocabulary, and the ending should remind you of similar language in the NT. 1 πρὸ μὲν [πάντων εὔχομαί σε 2 ὑγιαίνειν...

An excellent video on the pitfalls of word studies: