Where does the Bible say the Earth is flat and has a dome?
The whole of Genesis 1 makes sense only if the world is flat. It starts with God creating a kind of bubble in the waters, with the firmament keeping the waters above off us.
Genesis 1: 6 And God said, Let there be a firmament in the midst of the waters, and let it divide the waters from the waters. 7 And God made the firmament, and divided the waters which were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament: and it was so. 8 And God called the firmament Heaven. And the evening and the morning were the second day.
There was already daylight because daylight does not come from the sun - it cannot, the sun would not be created for days yet. When God does create the sun, moon and stars, these are small objects set in the solid dome that is the firmament.
Genesis 1:14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the heavens to separate the day from the night. And let them be for signs and for seasons,[f] and for days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the expanse of the heavens to give light upon the earth.” And it was so. 16 And God made the two great lights—the greater light to rule the day and the lesser light to rule the night—and the stars. 17 And God set them in the expanse of the heavens to give light on the earth, 18 to rule over the day and over the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening and there was morning, the fourth day.
Earth is clearly the centre of the universe; it must be because there was nothing else before that (other than water). All the things we see in the sky are just lights suspended above us. And as they are just lights moving across a solid dome, it is quite reasonable that God could stop their progress for a day.
Joshua 10:12 Then spake Joshua to the Lord in the day when the Lord delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. 13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.
2 Kings 20:9 And Isaiah said, This sign shalt thou have of the Lord, that the Lord will do the thing that he hath spoken: shall the shadow go forward ten degrees, or go back ten degrees?
This verse makes clear that stars are small things that might fall to earth.
Revelation 6:13 And the stars of heaven fell unto the earth, even as a fig tree casteth her untimely figs, when she is shaken of a mighty wind.
Several verses tell us the world stands on pillars:
1 Samuel 2:8 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set them among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth are the Lord's, and he hath set the world upon them.
Job 9:6 Which shaketh the earth out of her place, and the pillars thereof tremble.
Psalm 75:3 The earth and all the inhabitants thereof are dissolved: I bear up the pillars of it. Selah.
A couple of verses about the firmament.
Proverbs 8:28 when he made firm the skies above, when he established[d] the fountains of the deep,
Job 37:18 Hast thou with him spread out the sky, which is strong, and as a molten looking glass?
Now I do not doubt you can rationalise these, but in the same way all those Christian clergy who signed the Clergy Letter Project do likewise. Like you, they look at the evidence, and interpret the Bible on that basis. The difference is that their interpretation is based rather more soundly on reality,
