I like the way you went through the passage and explained it verse by verse . This is what I was hoping for with sethproton to show me from his perspective. I will have to digest your post and I’m not equipped to refute anything you said as I’m still learning how to argue what I believe . I thank you for a well thought out reply and I have some studying to do on my part with that passage.
I think one of the stumblingly blocks is that Arminians have this "mindset" ingrained into them, that every time you see the word, "all", or "world", it automatically refers to every single being in the universe, exhaustively. But that is not what "world" means, and that is almost NEVER what "all" means.
First of all, comprehensive dictionaries usually list multiple definitions for any particular word. This is no different in the Greek. The same word doesn't always mean the same thing in every situation. That's why it's fallacious to take a word from one context and demand that it has the same meaning in a completely unrelated context. For instance:
"I
can fly a plane."
"I opened a
can of corn."
"I drank too much, I have to go to the
can."
"My boss
canned me today. I have no job."
"World"
The Greek word for "world" is "kosmos" (hence, "cosmology").
It has a number of meanings, according to BDAG:
κόσμος, ου, ὁ
1. that which serves to beautify through decoration, adornment, adorning
2. condition of orderliness, orderly arrangement, order
3. the sum total of everything here and now, the world, the (orderly) universe, in philosophical usage
4. the sum total of all beings above the level of the animals, the world,
5. planet earth as a place of inhabitation, the world
a. gener.
b. the world as the habitation of humanity
c. earth, world in contrast to heaven
d. the world outside in contrast to one’s home
6. humanity in general, the world
a. gener.
b. of all humanity, but especially of believers, as the object of God’s love
7. the system of human existence in its many aspects, the world
a. as scene of earthly joys, possessions, cares, sufferings
b. the world, and everything that belongs to it, appears as that which is hostile to God, i.e. lost in sin, wholly at odds w. anything divine, ruined and depraved
8. collective aspect of an entity, totality, sum total=
Often it means "not just the Jews, but the rest of the nations as well (ie. the Gentiles too)". And the problem that we moderns have is that we tend to think with precision, with specificity, interpreting "Jews" as "every single Jew, without exception". This is not how they thought in the first century, it was more a "general" idea, without any specific inclusion of "every single".
So in John 3:16, it doesn't mean, "God so loved the world (= "every single individual ever"), as that would contradict "Esau I hated", as well as passages like Ps. 5:5, and others God hates. Instead it means, "God so loved the world (="not just Jews, but Gentiles too"). Not all Jews, not all Gentiles, but God's elect includes both Jews and Gentiles, it's not just limited to Israel, but is expanded to include those in the rest of "the world".
"ALL"
"All" is never used to exhaustively mean all individuals everywhere. There's really no practical reason to mean that, since we are almost never talking bout all humanity exhaustively. We are generally always speaking regarding a specific scope of individuals.
For instance, I'm a teacher. And if I'm giving a test, and the test period is over, I might say, "Now I want EVERYONE (or "ALL") to put their pencils down". That's not an exhaustive scope. I'm not referring to people in different countries, or even in different states, or in different cities, or even everyone in my city, and not even referring to everyone in my school. Even though I said "everyone" or "all", the scope of my instruction was ONLY to my class.
Similarly, when we saw 2 Pet. 3:9, "not willing that ANY should perish, but that ALL should come to repentance", the scope of that was the "us-ward", the "beloved".
Concerning the meaning of "all", here is a clip of D. James Kennedy talking about how the Bible uses the term, "all". It comes from a video called, "Amazing Grace: The History and Theology of Calvinism". I HIGHLY recommend this video, even though it is about 4 hours long, it is very comprehensive and instructional. It is broken down into 3 parts on YouTube:
(If it doesn't start at the right place, go to 1:00:29.)