Tabernacle

[Lee Magee]

Genesis 31:25 Jacob had pitched his tent (KJV)

יעקב תקע את-אהלו (MT)
Ιακωβ δὲ ἔπηξεν τὴν σκηνὴν αὐτοῦ (LXX)

Ἰάκωβος ἐπεπήγει αὖλιν αὐτοῦ


Exodus 27:21 In the tabernacle of the congregation (KJV)

באהל מועד (MT)
ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου (LXX)

ἐν αὐλίδι ἀντιόωντος "In the tent of meeting"

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Josephus - Antiquities of the Jews 3.289 William Whiston (1737)
When they set up the tabernacle, they received it into the midst of their camp, three of the tribes pitching their tents on each side of it; and roads were cut through the midst of these tents. It was like a well-appointed market; and every thing was there ready for sale in due order; and all sorts of artificers were in the shops; and it resembled nothing so much as a city that sometimes was movable, and sometimes fixed.

Πηγνύντες δὲ τὴν σκηνὴν μέσην ἀπελάμβανον τριῶν φυλῶν κατὰ πλευρὰν ἑκάστην παρασκηνουμένων: ὁδοὶ δὲ διὰ μέσων ἐτέτμηντο, καὶ κόσμος ἦν ἀγορᾶς, καὶ τῶν πωλουμένων ἕκαστον ἐν τάξει διέκειτο, καὶ δημιουργοὶ τέχνης ἁπάσης ἐν τοῖς ἐργαστηρίοις ἦσαν, οὐδενί τε ἄλλῳ ἢ πόλει μετανισταμένῃ καὶ καθιδρυμένῃ ἐῴκει.

πηγνύντες τὴν σκηνὴν "They pitched the tent."
παρασκηνουμένων "pitching their tents besides"

The Hebrew for παρασκηνουμένων is מהחנים // παρασκηνάω החנה (Numbers 2:21)

Mark 9:5 ποιήσωμεν σκηνάς τρεῖς let us make three tabernacles".

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Demosthenes, On the Crown 18.169
cleared the booths in the marketplace

ἐκ τῶν σκηνῶν τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐξεῖργον

σκηνῶν booths (of a market-place)

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Ezekiel 48:31
And the gates of the city shall be after the names of the tribes of Israel: three gates northward; one gate of Reuben, one gate of Judah, one gate of Levi. (KJV)
ושערי העיר על־שמות שבטי ישראל שערים שלושה צפונה שער ראובן אחד שער יהודה אחד שער לוי אחד

ἀγοραί שערי markets
δικασταί שבטי shophets/suffetes

 

[Lee Magee]

Leviticus 23:42
(KJV) Ye shall dwell in booths
(MT) בסכת תשבו
(LXX) ἐν σκηναῗς κατοικήσετε
(VUL) et habitabitis in umbraculis

The Vulgate uses umbraculis here, meaning "sunshade, parasol, umbrella". The Vulgate is the accurate reading, because סך is σκιάς; canopy or arbour (in form like a sunshade).

בסכת תשבו → ὑπό σκιάσιν καθῆσθε "You shall sit under parasols."


This is Xerxes under a סך

 

[Lee Magee]

Herodotus 7.100
Xerxes alighted from his chariot into a Sidonian ship and sat under a golden canopy.

In the Greek, this is "ἵζετο ὑπὸ σκηνῇ χρυσέῃ" (sat under a golden canopy). Here, σκηνῇ means canopy, the very word that is translated booth or tabernacle in the King James.

 

[Lee Magee]

Joshua 18:1
And the whole congregation of the children of Israel assembled together at Shiloh and set up the tabernacle of the congregation there. And the land was subdued before them.

MT ויקהלו כל־עדת בני־ישראל שלה וישכינו שם את־אהל מועד והארץ נכבשה לפניהם
LXX καὶ ἐξεκκλησιάσθη πᾶσα συναγωγὴ υἱῶν Ισραηλ εἰς Σηλω καὶ ἔπηξαν ἐκεῗ τὴν σκηνὴν τοῦ μαρτυρίου καὶ ἡ γῆ ἐκρατήθη ὑπ᾽ αὐτῶν

The Sept uses the verb ἔπηξαν "they pitched". וישכינו is ἐσκήνωσαν. (σκηνόω to pitch tents, encamp).

Joshua 18:1 (restored)
The people of the children of Israel assembled at Selos, they pitched there the tent of meeting, and the land was constrained against them.
ἐξεκλησίασαν πᾶν ἔθνος παιδῶν Ἰσραήλου Σῆλον καὶ ἐσκήνωσαν ἔνθα τὴν αὖλιν ἀντιόωντος καὶ ἡ ἔρα καταβιασθέντα πρὸς ἐνώπια αὐτῶν

 

[Lee Magee]

The word tent or tents does not appear in the King James translation of the New Testament, but tabernacle does.

Revelation 15:5
the temple of the tabernacle of the testimony in heaven was opened
ἠνοίγη ὁ ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ

Leviticus 10:7
from the door of the tabernacle of the congregation (KJV)
ומפתח אהל מועד (MT)
ἀπὸ τῆς θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου (LXX)

The reading of Revelation is nonsensical, what does "temple of the tent" mean? Why would it be in heaven? Also, the Greek language in the Book Revelation resembles Septuagint Greek.

Exodus 40:6
the door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation (KJV)
θύρας τῆς σκηνῆς τοῦ μαρτυρίου (LXX)
פתח משכן אהל־מועד (MT)

The Septuagint avoids reading "tent of the tent" here, "something of the something".

Numbers 3:25
in the tabernacle of the congregation shall be the tabernacle (KJV)
ἐν τῇ σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου ἡ σκηνὴ (LXX)
באהל מועד המשכן (MT)

Two distinct words in the Hebrew, but same reading in Septuagint and King James.

2 Samuel 7:6
but have walked in a tent and in a tabernacle (KJV)
ἐν καταλύματι καὶ ἐν σκηνῇ (LXX. lsj.
מתהלך באהל ובמשכן (MT)

1 Chronicles 17:5
but have gone from tent to tent, and from one tabernacle to another
ἤμην ἐν σκηνῇ καὶ ἐν καταλύματι (LXX)
ואהיה מאהל אל־אהל וממשכן (MT)

κατάλυμα lsj. lodging, in pl, provision of quarters
σκήνωμα soldiers' quarters

 

[Lee Magee]

Plutarch, Themistocles 26
Their journeys are carried in tents closely hung round about with curtains and set upon four-wheeled wagons.
ἐν δὲ ταῖς ὁδοιπορίαις ὑπὸ σκηνὰς κύκλῳ περιπεφραγμένας ἐπὶ τῶν ἁρμαμαξῶν ὀχεῖσθαι

Here, tents can be mounted on wagons

Herodotus 2.63
[2] The image of the god, in a little gilded wooden shrine, they carry away on the day before this to another sacred building. The few who are left with the image draw a four-wheeled wagon conveying the shrine and the image that is in the shrine; the others stand in the space before the doors and do not let them enter, while the vow-keepers, taking the side of the god, strike them, who defend themselves.

[2] τὸ δὲ ἄγαλμα ἐὸν ἐν νηῷ μικρῷ ξυλίνῳ κατακεχρυσωμένῳ προεκκομίζουσι τῇ προτεραίῃ ἐς ἄλλο οἴκημα ἱρόν. οἱ μὲν δὴ ὀλίγοι οἱ περὶ τὤγαλμα λελειμμένοι ἕλκουσι τετράκυκλον ἅμαξαν ἄγουσαν τὸν νηόν τε καὶ τὸ ἐν τῷ νηῷ ἐνεὸν ἄγαλμα, οἳ δὲ οὐκ ἐῶσι ἐν τοῖσι προπυλαίοισι ἑστεῶτες ἐσιέναι, οἱ δὲ εὐχωλιμαῖοι τιμωρέοντες τῷ θεῷ παίουσι αὐτοὺς ἀλεξομένους.

In Herodotus, the word for shrine is νηός, the Ionic form of ναὸς and this is mounted on a wagon,

Revelation 15:5 ὁ ναὸς τῆς σκηνῆς = "The shrine of the tent"

πρόθυρον αὐλείου (פתח אהל)?

 

[Lee Magee]

Gen 26:17
And Isaac departed thence, and pitched his tent in the valley of Gerar, and dwelt there (KJV)
וילך משם יצחק ויחן בנחל־גרר וישב שם (MT)
καὶ ἀπῆλθεν ἐκεῗθεν Ισαακ καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐν τῇ φάραγγι Γεραρων καὶ κατῴκησεν ἐκεῗ (LXX)

The Sept verb here is κατέλυσεν (καταλύω), rather than ἐσκήνησεν (σκηνέω) "encamped".

ἔνθεν משם from that place, thence
ἦλθεν וילך went (on a journey)
ᾤκησεν וישב dwelled, settled
ἔνθα שם towards that place, there

Numbers 25:1
And Israel abode in Shittim (KJV)
וישב ישראל בשטים (MT)
καὶ κατέλυσεν Ισραηλ ἐν Σαττιν (LXX)

ᾤκησεν וישב dwelled, settled.
ἐν Σκύθῃ בשטים In Scythia

Lamenations 5:15
The joy of our heart is ceased (KJV)
שבת משוש לבנו (MT)
κατέλυσεν χαρὰ καρδίας ἡμῶν (LXX)

παῦσεν, κατέπαυσεν שבת ceased, hindered.
γηθοσύνη משוש joy, delight
γηθέω שוש rejoice

1 Kings 19:9
And he came thither unto a cave, and lodged there
ויבא־שם אל־המערה וילן שם(MT)
καὶ εἰσῆλθεν ἐκεῗ εἰς τὸ σπήλαιον καὶ κατέλυσεν ἐκεῗ (LXX)

ἐβήσετο ויבא went (in a place)
ἔνθα שם towards that place, there
μέγαρον מערה bedchamber, sanctuary, shrine
ηὐλίσθη וילן passed the night, lodged

Genesis 24:23
Is there room in thy father's house for us to lodge in? (KJV)
היש בית־אביך מקום לנו ללין (MT)
εἰ ἔστιν παρὰ τῷ πατρί σου τόπος ἡμῗν καταλῦσαι (LXX)

ἔχει δὲ היש Is there?
οἰκία בית dwelling house.
πατρώιος אבי belonging to one's father (πατρῴαν οἰκίαν "father's house")
κένωμα מקום vacancy
αὐλίζειν ללין to pass the night.

Genesis 43:21
when we came to the inn (KJV)
כי־באנו אל־המלון (MT)
ἡνίκα ἤλθομεν εἰς τὸ καταλῦσαι (LXX)

βαίνομεν באנו We came
αὐλισμός מלון lodging

Joshua 2:1
And they went, and came into an harlot's house, named Rahab, and lodged there. (KJV)
ילכו ויבאו בית־אשה זונה ושמה רחב וישכבו־שמה (MT)
εἰσήλθοσαν εἰς οἰκίαν γυναικὸς πόρνης ᾗ ὄνομα Ρααβ καὶ κατέλυσαν ἐκεῗ (LXX)

ἦλθεν וילך went (on a journey)
ἐβήσετο ויבא came (into a place)
οἰκία בית dwelling house.
γυναικεῖος אשה belonging to a woman.
κοινή זונה prostitute , common woman
ἐκοίμησε וישכבו slept
ἐνθάδε שמה here or there, in this state