That's not the full position you were describing before:
You are arguing above that when an "adjective" takes modifiers it is actually "an appositive," correct? By appositive you're referring to a
substantival apposition, correct? Or are you taking it in the sense of Turner, of the adjectival (i.e. relatival) modification of the head noun (or Levinsohn, "Nonrestrictive relative clauses in Greek are traditionally subdivided into appositional (as in Acts 9:36) and continuative")? Because in the latter case you would be disputing me over semantics.
Since you accuse me of misrepresenting you, let's take a look at some of your other statements:
These are your supporting arguments. Here, the usage is actually
not substantive. It is attributive and the participial phrase modifies the head noun. It is a strictly
dependent usage. Substantival is regarded as
independent because the head nominal is unexpressed, and there is no reason to take an attributive participle in an attributive position which stands next to the noun it refers to as substantival.
You left out,
And we're not dealing with simple adjectives here, are we? We are dealing with
attributive participles, which though adjectival are considered
modifiers. They still retain their verbal aspect. The participial phrase modifies the head nominal (see Mounce,
al. above). Note also that these are all examples of attributive participles in the 2nd Attributive Position taken straight out of the grammars themselves:
ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ καταβαίνων (John 6: 50)
the bread that comes down from heaven.
οἱ δὲ ὄχλοι οἱ προάγοντες αὐτόν (Matt 21: 9)
And the crowds that went ahead of him
ὁ λύχνος ὁ καιόμενος καὶ φαίνων (John 3:35)
the burning and shining lamp
Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου τῆς διαθήκης τὸ ἐκχυννόμενον ὑπὲρ πολλῶν. (Mark 14:24)
This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many.
ὁ πατήρ σου ὁ βλέπων ἐν τῷ κρυπτῷ ἀποδώσει σοι (Matthew 6:4, Cf. 6:6, 18)
Your Father who sees in secret will reward you
And, under the same rules of the attributive participle, we may add:
ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει (Matthew 4:16)
The people who sat in darkness
ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν (Matthew 7:13)
The way that leads to destruction
ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν (Matthew 7:14)
The way that leads to life
καὶ ἐδόξασαν τὸν θεὸν τὸν δόντα ἐξουσίαν τοιαύτην τοῖς ἀνθρώποις (Matthew 9:8)
And they glorified God, who had given such authority to men.
αἱ δυνάμεις αἱ γενόμεναι ἐν ὑμῖν (Matthew 11:21)
the works, which were done among you
ὁ δὲ ἐχθρὸς ὁ σπείρας αὐτά (Matthew 13:39)
Now, the enemy who sowed them
τῶν ψιχίων τῶν πιπτόντων ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης τῶν κυρίων αὐτῶν (Matthew 15:27)
The crumbs which fall from their master's table
ὁ χρυσὸς ἢ ὁ ναὸς ὁ ἁγιάζων τὸν χρυσόν (Matthew 23:17)
The gold, or the temple which sanctifies the gold?
This doesn't even complete the search of Matthew, and some examples have been left out. These are, in fact, most of the usages of the attributive participle in the 2nd Position in Matthew up until Matthew 23:17. So I don't find your assertions to be accurate.
So again, as I have noted before:
Even when a participle functions as an adjective or a noun it is still a verbal form, which means it has verbal aspect and it can take a direct object and various modifiers like any other verb.
(Whitacre, Rodney A.. A Grammar of New Testament Greek (Eerdmans Language Resources), 5.181b.