No treaty. They can say anything. Just like the United States promised aid to South Vietnam so they could neutralize the expansionist ambitions of the north and then reneged. The south fell.
We do not know that so don't make predictions you cannot keep. How hard is it for you all to understand Putin will not allow NATO in Ukraine and NATO expansion in the last fifty years?
That is a lie. Are you referencing the voices in your head?
Three decades ago, the newly independent country of Ukraine was briefly the third-largest nuclear power in the world.
Thousands of nuclear arms had been left on Ukrainian soil by Moscow after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. But in the years that followed, Ukraine made the decision to completely denuclearize.
In exchange, the U.S., the U.K. and Russia would guarantee Ukraine's security in a 1994 agreement known as the Budapest Memorandum.
Now, that agreement is front and center again.
Mariana Budjeryn of Harvard University spoke with
All Things Considered about the legacy of the Budapest Memorandum and its impact today.
This interview has been edited for length and clarity.
Interview highlights
On whether Ukraine foresaw the impact of denuclearizing
It is hard to estimate whether Ukrainians would foresee the impact.
It is clear that Ukrainians knew they weren't getting the exactly legally binding, really robust security guarantees they sought.
But they were told at the time that the United States and Western powers — so certainly at least the United States and Great Britain — take their political commitments really seriously. This is a document signed at the highest level by the heads of state. So the implication was Ukraine would not be left to stand alone and face a threat should it come under one.
And I think perhaps there was even a certain sense of complacency on the Ukrainian part after signing this agreement to say, "Look, we have these guarantees that were signed," because incidentally, into Ukrainian and Russian, this was translated as a guarantee, not as an assurance.
So they had this faith that the West would stand by them, or certainly the United States, the signatories, and Great Britain, would stand up for Ukraine should it come under threat. Although, the precise way was not really proscribed in the memorandum